Pertemuan 1. MK. Pengaturan Otomatis (PO)

KONTROL SEKUENSIAL DAN KONTROL UMPAN BALIK

Kontrol sekuensial :
Pengertian → Beberapa operasi secara berurutan lengakah demi langkah sesuai dengan urutan 
                          yang telah ditentukan.
→ Open loop  
 
           





Kekurangan → kemampuan terbatas
Kelebihan → Sederhana, Murah, Stabil

Komp. Pendukung → Relay, Timer, Limit sw, Kontaktor.
Bid. Aplikasi → Lampu lalu lintas, boiler, proses  produksi, kontrol panas tungku, lift.


Kategori → Conditional Control → Mis. Menanak nasi
                      Sistem melaksanakan urutan berikutnya jika kondisi yang ditentukan sebelumnya 
                      telah dipenuhi.
                → Time Schedule Control → Mis. Lampu Lalin
                      Sistem melaksanakan urutan berikutnya jika telah mencapai waktu yang telah 
                      ditentukan/ ditetapkan.
                → Executive Control → Produksi semen
                      Mengutamakan urutan operasi yang telah ditetapkan.




Kontrol Umpan Balik :
Pengertian → Sinyal keluaran dibandingkan dengan set point, nilai selisih yang ada dijadikan 
                         sebagai sinyal kontrol.
Close loop → kelebihan → otomatis, tahan terhadap gangguan.
                    → Mahal, susah dalam desain, kestabilan kurang.

 


Servo Mekanis → Sistem kontrol kecepatan, percepatan dan arah.
                                 cth. aplikasi robot, sistem navigasi mobil, mesin cnc.
                           → bersifat cepat berubah
Kontrol Proses → Suhu, Tekanan, Laju aliran, ketinggian cairan, Ph. 
                                 cth. pengukuran ketinggian suhu, ph. dll
                           → bersifat lambat 

Pertemuan 1. MK. Microprossor dan Interface

Interface → Cara untuk menghubungkan pheriperal dan alat pengatur  yang ada didalamnya (sistem).

Pheriperal → Sebuah unit tertentu yang bisa berfungsi apabila mendapat interface dari sistem lain.

Antar muka  → hubungan antara sesuatu didalam sistem yang dihubungkan untuk sistem itu sendiri (masih dalam suatu sistem.

pheriperal akan bisa bekerja jika sinyal yang dikeluarkan micro (MCS, Z80, AVR, ARM dll) sama dengan pheriperal yang digunakan, sehingga bisa saling bekerja sama.

1. Kecepatan Operasi  MIPS (Million Instruksi Per Second)
Instruksi yang dapat dikerjakan dalam satuan  waktu.

2. Kapasitas Data
Banyaknya data yang dapat ditampung
Kb (Kilobyte ), Mb (Megabyte), Gb (Gigabyte), dll

3. Lebar Data  
beberapa lebar data yang dapat diproses dalam 1 kali proses.
bit (binary digit) terdiri dari angka (1 dan 0)
1 Byte      = 8 bit
1 Word    = 16 bit
1 Nibble   = 4 bit

Ini neh yang keluar saat tes, ntah lupa atau benar-benar ngk tau. tapi kayaknya lupa dehh, cuma benar-benar hank saat tes. jadi  ngak diisi. hehehee rupanya ini toh jawabannya.
Pertanyaan :
Jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan rangkaian kombinasi dan rangkian sekuensial didalam rangkaian elektornika.
Jawaban :
Rangkaian Kombinasional adalah hubungan antara input dan output, dan tidak terdapat rangkaian flip-flop. sedangkan Rangkaian Sekuensial adalah rangkaian yang berdasarkan, state. menggunakan rangakaian flip-flop.  terdapat rangkaian singkron dan asingkron.

RTL  = Register Transfer Logic

Pada Flip-flop D , jika  clock 1 maka D akan men transfer data ke Q, jika data clock 0 maka D tidak akan men transfer data ke Q.

Jenis-Jenis kondisi output :

1. Toten pole (H/L), ditentukan oleh 2 buah transistor didepannya.
2. Open collector (Z/L), ditentukan oleh resistor
3. State (H/L/Z),

H=High, L=Low, Z=High Impedance(open)

Perbedaan TTL dan CMOS :
TTL :
Zin rendah karena input diambil dari kaki emitor sehingga butuh I besar.
floating → high (jika tidak diberi input)
Input → Low (0 - 0,8V), High (2-5V)                        
Output → Low (0,2V), High (4,1V)

CMOS;
Zin tinggi sehingga I in mendekati 0
floating → dilarang (harus diberi pull up(VCC) /pull down(GND)), tidak boleh open. fungsi Pull up/down t ersebut untuk mencegah agr tidak terjadinya floatin  input.
R pada pull up 1Kohm-100Kohm, R pada pull down 100ohm-1Kohm (R berbeda karena gate itu sendiri, karena pull up membutuhkan arus yang besar sedangkan pull down hanya butuh arus yang kecil).
Input → Low (0 - 40%VCC), High (60%-100%VCC)
Output → Low (0V), High (VCC)


ada ilmu baru neh, untuk menghapal   dan menentukan gerbang XOR.
output 0 jika  jumlah 1  nya genap.
output 1 jika jumlah 1 nya ganjil.


Serial → 1 Jalur untuk mengirim lebih dari 1 data. 

 

Parallel → Lebih dari 1 data dalam banyak jalur.



Driver → Menggerakan beban, Penyesuaian level tegangan, penguatan tegangan.
 

Buffer → Penyesuai impedansi, Isolasi, Penguat Arus



Hukum Kirchop 1 → Jumlah arus pada titik percabangan = 0
Hukum Kirchop 2 → Jumlah tegangan pada sebuah loop = 0

SCIENTIFIC WORK ( EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT (EQ) ON PARADIGM AND WORKS OF STUDENTS)

EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT (EQ)

ON PARADIGM AND WORKS OF STUDENTS

1.      Surface

The young generation is a very valuable national asset. The young generation is a mirror of a nation of 5 to 10 years later. Developing nations will go forward if the successor has the spirit of patriotism and concern in advancing the nation.

Each youth especially students have a lot of difference either way of life, character and personality as well as in terms of another. We can see these differences by looking at everyday activities. The nature and different personalities that distinguish one student with another student. So that the work produced by students will also be different.

World general education only teaches intellectually and emphasize the highest value with an IQ of 100 with a GPA of 4.00 was the best. But if we see our friends star class star when elementary, junior high school, senior high school. Did they become successful person is above average? This was investigated in a institution that create and establish the data bank giant named EQI (Emotion Quotient Inventory) which has collected data of successful people on earth, the result is said that intellectual intelligence an average of only 6% have a role, a maximum of success even 20%. Then how about the ability of Intellectual and Emotional us, Which is more we emphasize in our self? If we see, success is not just the intellectual quotient alone.

2. Destination

a.       Knowing the students' individual differences in terms of emotional quotient.

b.      Seeing the impact of emotional quotient on the mindset and the work of student.

3. Research Methods

1. kinds of research

    This research is descriptive research, ie where of the author describe about the effect of emotional quotient of paradigm and the work of students. Descriptive describe methode of a systematic  and facts and characteristics about a particular science, and a describe of the situation and real events.

            2. Data collection techniques

              Data collection techniques, there are two things:

a. Observation, namely the direct writers took to the field to obtain data and information required in accordance with the purpose of research.

b. Interview, which the author conducted interviews directly to a informant.

3.      Data analysis

        Data analysis was performed after the necessary data and information collected, then the author categorizes the data according to type, then the data is analyzed by using qualitative descriptive analysis.

4. Analysis

Most students think that  college just go to campus, learn and go home, at rest hanging out with friends in the canteen. This mindset is inappropriate thoughts. Many things can be done in addition to formal learning, that is by joining the organization, conduct research or other activities that can be done when be a student.

However, most students think when it has completed a formal education in college they will get a high-income jobs. Therefore, they only focus at formal activity on the campus without wanting to engage directly with non-formal activities on campus.

intellectual quotient alone is not enough, still needed whose names are  emotional quotient, emotional quotient is the ability to feel the feelings of others and then make that knowledge as an important information to take action.

With inappropriate paradigm will impact on the quality of the students themselves when plunging into the society. By having the emotional quotient of students will understand way control emotions and recognize the emotions of others, so that they can interact and build relationships with good.

5. Inference

Emotional intelligence is very important owned every individual, with each indvidu emotional quotient will be able to feel the feelings of others so it will be establishment of good communication between these individuals.

If the intellectual and emotional quotient has been obtained, intelligence will lead to a mindset that is very good and the resulting work would be beneficial for many people. Because the resulting work is an action taken or an idea by looking at the situation to feel what others feel and make it as an act to be performed.

6. Suggestion

Intellectual quotient is not the only priority, but emotional intelligence also affect the actions to be performed. For the formation of emotional intelligence in each individual, must be introduced the true meaning of these Emotional quotient, so that does not happen wrong thinking, and opened views and their paradigm about the importance of emotional quotient.